In the context of commuting, well-being is considered the __________ variable, while commute time is the __________ variable.

In the context of commuting, well-being is viewed as the dependent variable because it is the outcome that researchers are interested in measuring; how it is affected by other factors, such as commute time. Commute time functions as the independent variable, as it is the factor that is manipulated or varied to observe its impact on well-being.

Understanding this relationship is crucial in sociology, as it helps researchers identify how different lengths or types of commutes can influence individuals' mental and emotional health, highlighting the importance of commuting in shaping people’s overall life satisfaction. The correct answer emphasizes the causal relationship between commute time and well-being—where changes in commute time are expected to lead to changes in well-being.