Robert Merton proposed the concept of latent functions. Latent functions can be _________ to society.

Latent functions, as articulated by Robert Merton, refer to the unintended and often hidden consequences of social structures and actions. These functions can manifest in various ways, indicating their complex role within society.

When considering the nature of latent functions, it is essential to recognize that they can indeed be harmful, beneficial, or neutral. For instance, a social institution like education might have the explicit function of imparting knowledge (a manifest function), while its latent functions could include reinforcing social stratification or creating social networks that favor certain groups. Some latent functions may inadvertently perpetuate inequality, which could be categorized as harmful. Conversely, other latent functions may foster community cohesion or support social mobility, which would be seen as beneficial. Additionally, some functions might not significantly impact society at all, rendering them neutral.

Thus, the overall understanding of latent functions in Merton's framework highlights their potential variety and complexity, making "all of the above" a fitting choice. This acknowledges the multifaceted consequences that may emerge from social actions or institutions, emphasizing the need for a nuanced perspective in sociological analysis.