What term describes the process by which societal norms and expectations influence individual behavior over time?

The term that describes the process by which societal norms and expectations influence individual behavior over time is socialization. Socialization is a fundamental concept in sociology that refers to the ways individuals learn and internalize the values, beliefs, norms, and behaviors that are deemed appropriate within their society. This lifelong process begins at a very early age and continues throughout a person's life, as individuals interact with various agents of socialization, such as family, peers, educational institutions, and media.

Socialization helps individuals understand their roles within their community and the expectations that come with those roles. Through this process, individuals not only learn what is considered acceptable behavior but also develop their sense of self and identity in relation to the broader social context. This continuous interaction and internalization lead to individuals acting in accordance with societal norms, which in turn reinforces those norms in society.

While the other terms have related but distinct meanings, they do not encapsulate the comprehensive process of influence on individual behavior in the way socialization does. Acculturation refers to the process of adopting cultural traits from another culture, assimilation involves the absorption of individuals or groups into a dominant culture, and institutionalization is the process by which certain practices or norms become established within societal structures. Each of these concepts highlights different