Which American sociologist's work most closely followed the functionalist tradition of analyzing social phenomena based on the role they played in society?

Talcott Parsons is a key figure in the functionalist tradition of sociology, which emphasizes understanding social phenomena based on their contributions to the stability and functioning of society as a whole. Parsons developed a theoretical framework known as the "structural-functionalism" approach, which posits that various elements of social life, including institutions and norms, serve specific purposes that contribute to the cohesion and stability of society.

In his work, Parsons focused on analyzing social systems and the interrelations between different societal components, such as family, education, and religion, delineating their roles in maintaining social order. This perspective allows sociologists to examine how institutions function to meet the needs of society and individuals, highlighting the importance of consensus and integration among social members.

Parsons' influence is evident in his concepts of social systems and the patterns of societal norms, where he sought to explain how various societal elements work together harmoniously. Through his functionalist lens, he provides a framework for understanding social phenomena as interconnected and purposeful, reinforcing the idea that each part of society plays a vital role in sustaining the whole. This foundational approach distinguishes Parsons' work within the sociological landscape.