Which sociological paradigm emphasizes the role of power dynamics and social conflict in society?

The emphasis on power dynamics and social conflict is a central tenet of Marxism. This sociological paradigm, rooted in the works of Karl Marx, focuses on how economic structures shape society and how class struggles emerge from the inherent conflicts within these structures. Marxism posits that society is composed of different classes with competing interests, primarily the bourgeoisie (owners of production) and the proletariat (working class). The conflict between these classes leads to social change and development.

Marxism critiques the existing social order and highlights how systems of power can perpetuate inequality and maintain the status quo. It underscores the idea that societal structures are not harmonious and stable but rather are characterized by ongoing conflicts that arise from differing interests among groups.

In contrast, functionalism views society as a complex system where every part works together to promote stability and social order, often downplaying conflicts. Symbolic interactionism concentrates on the micro-level of social interactions and the meanings individuals attach to those interactions, rather than systemic power dynamics. Structuralism has a focus on underlying structures, such as language and cultural norms, but does not emphasize conflict in the same way as Marxism. Thus, the focus on power and conflict clearly aligns with the principles of Marxism.