Which theory suggests that social problems arise from individuals deviating from societal norms?

The correct choice is Social Disorganization Theory, which posits that social problems emerge when individuals deviate from the established norms and values of society, often due to a breakdown in the social structure. This theory emphasizes the impact of the environment on behavior and suggests that when a community lacks cohesion and strong social institutions, it can lead to increased rates of deviance and crime.

Social Disorganization Theory argues that community structures, such as family, schools, and social networks, play a pivotal role in maintaining social order. When these structures are weakened or disrupted—due to factors such as poverty, urbanization, or migration—individuals may be more likely to engage in deviant behavior, which in turn contributes to various social problems.

Understanding this theory is essential as it highlights the importance of social context and community health in the understanding of deviance and its consequences on society.